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yes yes no User concepts Access control fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard More information provided by the system vendor Triggers yes yes yes Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes none tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning) sharding through federation partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods no no no Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system Immediate Consistency Immediate Consistency Immediate Consistency Foreign keys Referential integrity yes yes yes Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data ACID ACID ACID Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) yes yes Durability Support for making data persistent yes yes yes In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. Tcl Server-side scripts Stored procedures Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions Transact SQL. Streaming API for large objects Supported programming languages Java C# Secondary indexes yes yes yes SQL Support of SQL yes yes yes standard with numerous extensions APIs and other access methods JDBC no yes yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. #Navicat for postgresql basic understanding windowsWindows Data scheme yes yes yes Typing predefined data types such as float or date yes yes yes XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. ![]() Implementation language Java C++ C Server operating systems All OS with a Java VM Linux ![]() Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed and hosted PostgreSQL® with 70+ extensions and orchestration tooling included.Leverage any extension and get SSH access. ScaleGrid for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL DBaaS hosting On-Premises and on clouds such as AWS, Azure, GCP and DigitalOcean with no vendor lock-in.Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. #Navicat for postgresql basic understanding licenseSpatial DBMS DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems Trend Chart Score 9.56 Rank #50 Overall #31 Relational DBMS Score 924.68 Rank #3 Overall #3 Relational DBMS Score 622.72 Rank #4 Overall #4 Relational DBMS Website Technical documentation /en-US/sql/sql-server Developer Thomas Mueller Microsoft PostgreSQL Global Development Group Initial release 2005 1989 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL Current release 2.1.210, January 2022 SQL Server 2019, November 2019 14.5, August 2022 License Commercial or Open Source Open Source dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license) commercial restricted free version is available Open Source BSD Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service no no no DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Secondary database models Spatial DBMS Document store Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. Microsofts flagship relational DBMS Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL Primary database model Relational DBMS Relational DBMS Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Editorial information provided by DB-Engines Name H2 X exclude from comparison Microsoft SQL Server X exclude from comparison PostgreSQL X exclude from comparison Description Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server. Please select another system to include it in the comparison. PostgreSQL System Properties Comparison H2 vs. ![]()
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